Houston, Texas – Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are not limited to young adults, as cases among older adults are on the rise. While it may come as a surprise to some, adults of all ages engage in sexual activity, and therefore, are at risk of contracting STDs. However, many older adults are caught off guard when their healthcare providers suggest getting screened for STDs prior to engaging in sexual activity with new partners.
Sexual activity among older adults is healthy and can contribute to a greater sense of enjoyment in life. Nursing homes, in particular, provide opportunities for older adults to meet new friends and explore new relationships. In fact, studies have shown that 40% of adults aged 65-80 and approximately 10% of people over 90 remain sexually active. However, it should be noted that the latter figure is based on a survey conducted in a single municipality in Sweden.
STDs do not discriminate based on age, and many individuals who test positive for STDs are often taken by surprise. Between 2007 and 2017, cases of STDs among adults aged 65 and over more than doubled, highlighting the importance of regular screenings and consistent condom use. Unfortunately, condom usage is relatively low among older adults, despite its role in reducing the risk of STD transmission.
The increasing number of older adults engaging in sexual activity can be attributed to several factors. The rise of web- and app-based dating services has facilitated the formation of new relationships, and the market for devices and medications addressing sexual health problems has expanded in recent years. The introduction of medications such as Viagra has also had an impact on sexual activity among older adults, and widowed men, in particular, have experienced an increased risk of STDs.
To determine if STD screening is necessary, it is important to consider certain factors. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends regular screenings for gonorrhea and chlamydia for women aged 24 and younger. Additionally, HIV testing should be done at least once for everyone. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that men who have sex with men get screened annually for syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV. However, in many cases, the decision to undergo STD screening is based on individual judgment and should be done whenever there is a change in sexual partners or an increase in risk.
When it comes to which STDs to screen for, chlamydia and gonorrhea are two common infections that are on the rise among older adults. Syphilis has also gained prevalence in this population. Other conditions, such as trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis, are less well-known but can still be associated with sexual activity. It is advisable to discuss with a healthcare provider which STD tests are appropriate based on personal history.
Recognizing the symptoms of STDs can be challenging as many individuals infected with STDs do not exhibit any symptoms. Painful genital sores are a definite warning sign, but conditions like chlamydia and gonorrhea often present as silent infections without noticeable symptoms. Similarly, early stages of syphilis may only result in painless genital sores, while HIV infections may initially cause flu-like symptoms.
While cases of STDs are increasing among older adults, the overall prevalence remains higher in younger age groups. However, individuals of all ages should take necessary precautions and get tested accordingly. Men who have sex with men, users of intravenous drugs, and those with a history of STDs are at higher risk. It is worth noting that Black women experience the greatest burden of HIV infections, highlighting the need for further attention and prevention efforts in this demographic. Southern states in the United States also face higher rates of new HIV cases, which may be attributed to factors such as poverty and the emphasis on abstinence-based sex education.
Receiving an STD diagnosis may be unwelcome news, but it is important to remember that most STDs are curable with medications. For those that are not curable, such as HIV, there are effective treatments available. Seeking early screening and treatment is crucial for one’s health and well-being.